Öz
Cultural and social interactions between the city and its inhabitants form the economic, cultural, and social image of the city. The eagerness of the individuals who make up the society to see their cultural and traditional identities in their living spaces also shape streets, neighborhoods, and public spaces of the city, which are sometimes spontaneously shaped by the people of the district or through various public art projects by the city administration. Through a public art approach, streets and subway stations give information about the local community living there in terms of form, concept, and aesthetics. New York City, which is one of the best examples of determining the image of the city in the harmonious combination of public art and city identity, where many different cultures and nations live together, has been chosen for this study. The MTA Art and Design unit, which was established under the New York Metro Transit (MTA) administration, brings together the city’s subway stations, which are the public spaces of the city, with art from different disciplines. Within the scope of this research, visual data based on observation were collected through field research, which is one of the qualitative research methods, especially concerning content and design management, of mosaic panels specially designed for metro stations with the support of the MTA Art and Design unit. When the collected visuals were technically inadequate, information about visuals and mosaic boards was accessed through internet-supported resources. The reflection of the traces that give information about the social and cultural development of New York City on the subway stations as public art in the public space is supported by visuals; the productions of artists focusing on public art projects in the metropolis are intended to contribute to the literature as a positive example of public art management.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Arendt, H. (2008). İnsanlık durumu. İletişim Yayınevi.
- Arndt, G. (t.y.). A brief history of New York City. Everything Everywhere. https://everything-everywhere.com/a-brief-history-of-new-york-city/ (29.09.2022).
- Başaran, M. A. (2020). Central Park'ın tarihsel süreci, kent kentleşme üzerindeki etkileri. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 124-150.
- Gökçen, Ş. (2018). Kamusal sanat ve kültür eksenli kentsel dönüşüm. Journal of Interdisciplinary and Intercultural Art, 3(5) 215-236.
- Gülüm B., Dilmaç O. (2016). Kamusal alanda atık malzemelerle yapılan sanatsal çalışmaların sürdürülebilir kent hayatına katkıları. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, (18), 77-95.
- Kurt, K. E. (2019). Çağdaş sanat ile mimarlık; kamusal alanda birliktelik. Pressreader. https://www.pressreader.com/turkey/arredamento-mimarlik/20191001/283437783242953 (13.12.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). About the MTA. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/about (29.09.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Alice: The way out. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/permanentart/permart.html?agency=nyct&line=1&artist=1&station=11 (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Blooming. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/permanentart/permart.html?agency=nyct&line=R&artist=1&station=5 (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). City dwellers. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/city-dwellers (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Each one, every one, equal one. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/each-one-every-one-equal-all (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Flying home: Harlem heros and heroines. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/permanentart/permart.html?agency=nyct&line=3&artist=1&station=3 (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). For want of a nail. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/for-want-of-a-nail (29.09.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Memories of twenty-third street. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/memories-of-twenty-third-street (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Passing through. The Metropolitan Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/passing-through (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Permanent art. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/permanent-art (10.09.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Revelers. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/revelers (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Sky. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/sky (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Under Bryant Park. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/under-bryant-park (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Urban oasis. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/permanentart/permart.html?agency=nyct&line=R&artist=1&station=4 (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y). MTA Arts & Design. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design (30.09.2022).
- The NYC Planning (2018). Population-Current and Projected Populations. NYC Department of City Planning. https://www.nyc.gov/site/planning/planning-level/nyc-population/current-future-populations.page (06.11.2022).
- Parlakkaya, H. (2020). Kamusal alanda sanat ve sanat eserleri. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(4), 1157-1172.
- Sennett, R. (2002). Kamusal insanın çöküşü. Ayrıntı Yayınları.
- Türgen, N. (2011). Ulaşımda sanat. Arkitera. https://www.arkitera.com/haber/ulasimda-sanat/ (13.12.2022).
- Türk Dil Kurumu (TDK). (t.y.). Kamu. Türk Dil Kurumu. https://sozluk.gov.tr (22.08.2022).
- Yavuz, Ö. E. (t.y.). Kamusal mekanda sanat. Academia. https://www.academia.edu/64813956/KAMUSAL_MEKA_NDA_ SANAT (25.09.2022).
Öz
Kent ile birey arasındaki kültürel ve sosyal iletişim kentin ekonomik, kültürel sosyal imajını oluşturur. Toplumu oluşturan bireylerin geleneksel ve kültürel kimliklerini yaşam alanlarında görmek istemesi, kentin sokaklarını, mahallelerini, mimari yapılarını diğer bir deyişle kamusal alan ve mekânlarını da şekillendirir. Bu kimi zaman bölge insanı tarafından spontane biçimde, kimi zaman kent belediyelerinin çeşitli kamusal sanat projeleri ile gerçekleşir. Kamusal sanat yaklaşımı aracılığıyla bir kentin sokakları, durakları biçimsel, kavramsal, estetik açıdan orada yaşayan toplumla ilgili bilgi verir. Kamusal sanat ve kent kimliğinin uyumlu birlikteliğinde kent imajının belirlenmesine dair en iyi örneklerden birisi olan, birçok farklı kültür ve milletin bir arada yaşadığı New York şehri seçilmiştir. Kentin kamusal alanı olan şehir metro istasyonlarını, New York Metro Transit (MTA) yönetimine bağlı kurulan MTA Sanat ve Tasarım birimi farklı disiplinlerden sanat ile buluşturmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında MTA Sanat ve Tasarım birimi desteğiyle metro istasyonlarına özel tasarlanmış mozaik panolar ile ilgili, özellikle içerik ve tasarım yönetimi hakkında, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan saha araştırmasıyla gözleme dayalı görsel veriler toplanmıştır. Toplanan görsellerin teknik açıdan yetersiz kaldığı noktalarda, görseller ve mozaik panolar ile ilgili bilgilere internet destekli kaynaklar aracılığıyla ulaşılmıştır. Kamusal alanda New York kentinin sosyal ve kültürel gelişimi hakkında bilgi veren izlerin metro istasyonlarına kamusal sanat olarak yansıması görsellerle desteklenerek; metropolde kamusal sanat projesi odaklı sanatçı üretimi kamusal sanat yönetimine olumlu örnek olarak literatüre katkı sağlaması hedeflenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Arendt, H. (2008). İnsanlık durumu. İletişim Yayınevi.
- Arndt, G. (t.y.). A brief history of New York City. Everything Everywhere. https://everything-everywhere.com/a-brief-history-of-new-york-city/ (29.09.2022).
- Başaran, M. A. (2020). Central Park'ın tarihsel süreci, kent kentleşme üzerindeki etkileri. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 124-150.
- Gökçen, Ş. (2018). Kamusal sanat ve kültür eksenli kentsel dönüşüm. Journal of Interdisciplinary and Intercultural Art, 3(5) 215-236.
- Gülüm B., Dilmaç O. (2016). Kamusal alanda atık malzemelerle yapılan sanatsal çalışmaların sürdürülebilir kent hayatına katkıları. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, (18), 77-95.
- Kurt, K. E. (2019). Çağdaş sanat ile mimarlık; kamusal alanda birliktelik. Pressreader. https://www.pressreader.com/turkey/arredamento-mimarlik/20191001/283437783242953 (13.12.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). About the MTA. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/about (29.09.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Alice: The way out. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/permanentart/permart.html?agency=nyct&line=1&artist=1&station=11 (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Blooming. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/permanentart/permart.html?agency=nyct&line=R&artist=1&station=5 (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). City dwellers. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/city-dwellers (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Each one, every one, equal one. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/each-one-every-one-equal-all (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Flying home: Harlem heros and heroines. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/permanentart/permart.html?agency=nyct&line=3&artist=1&station=3 (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). For want of a nail. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/for-want-of-a-nail (29.09.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Memories of twenty-third street. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/memories-of-twenty-third-street (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Passing through. The Metropolitan Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/passing-through (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Permanent art. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/permanent-art (10.09.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Revelers. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/revelers (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Sky. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/sky (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Under Bryant Park. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/under-bryant-park (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y.). Urban oasis. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/permanentart/permart.html?agency=nyct&line=R&artist=1&station=4 (01.10.2022).
- MTA. (t.y). MTA Arts & Design. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority. https://new.mta.info/agency/arts-design (30.09.2022).
- The NYC Planning (2018). Population-Current and Projected Populations. NYC Department of City Planning. https://www.nyc.gov/site/planning/planning-level/nyc-population/current-future-populations.page (06.11.2022).
- Parlakkaya, H. (2020). Kamusal alanda sanat ve sanat eserleri. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(4), 1157-1172.
- Sennett, R. (2002). Kamusal insanın çöküşü. Ayrıntı Yayınları.
- Türgen, N. (2011). Ulaşımda sanat. Arkitera. https://www.arkitera.com/haber/ulasimda-sanat/ (13.12.2022).
- Türk Dil Kurumu (TDK). (t.y.). Kamu. Türk Dil Kurumu. https://sozluk.gov.tr (22.08.2022).
- Yavuz, Ö. E. (t.y.). Kamusal mekanda sanat. Academia. https://www.academia.edu/64813956/KAMUSAL_MEKA_NDA_ SANAT (25.09.2022).
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Şubat 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1 |
